U8 · Grammar 预习笔记（背默版 · 20 条）
教材：译林版(2024) 8A U8《Safe and sound》· Grammar（P70 左右）
本课定位：U8 语法课——过去进行时 + when / while / as 三条路。这是初中最重要的叙事时态，"我正在……这时……"全靠它。
预测确定性：✅ 教材已确认（过去进行时 + when/while/as） ｜ 条数：20 条
⏱ 20 分钟：保底 8 条 5′ → 句子精读 3′ → 进阶 6 条 4′ → 冲 A 6 条 3′ → 必背句 + 快测 5′；做不动就停在保底组。
一、核心词组 · 保底 8 条（中文 → 英文）
看中文说英文，说不出的看右侧英文，再遮住中文重来一遍。
| 笔记# | 中文 | 英文 | 红笔标注 / 考点 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 地震发生时我正在遛狗。 | I was walking my dog when the earthquake happened. | was/were + doing + when + 一般过去时 |
| 2 | 火灾发生时他正在工作。 | He was working when the fire broke out. | 过去进行时 + when |
| 3 | 我在看书时，妈妈在做饭。 | While I was reading, my mother was cooking. | while + 过去进行时 |
| 4 | 我正走回家时，开始下雨了。 | As I was walking home, it began to rain. | as 引导时间状语从句 |
| 5 | 昨晚八点你在做什么？ | What were you doing at eight last night? | 过去进行时疑问句 |
| 6 | 那时我没在睡觉。 | I was not sleeping at that time. | 过去进行时否定 |
| 7 | 那时孩子们在踢足球。 | The children were playing football then. | 复数主语用 were |
| 8 | 周六早上我起床了。 | I got up on Saturday morning. | 一般过去时（与进行时对比） |
二、归类记忆 · 两条路
第一条路 · 三个连接词（本课核心：长动作 vs 短动作）
| 连接词 | 什么时候用 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| A. when | 长动作被短动作打断（长动作用进行时，短动作用过去式） | I was walking my dog when the earthquake happened. |
| B. while | 两个动作同时进行（两边都用进行时） | While I was reading, my mother was cooking. |
| C. as | 正当……的时候（与 when 用法接近） | As I was walking home, it began to rain. |
第二条路 · 句式三条（肯定 / 否定 / 疑问）
| 句式 | 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定 | 主语 + was/were + doing | The children were playing football. |
| 否定 | 主语 + was/were not + doing | I was not sleeping at that time. |
| 疑问 | Was/Were + 主语 + doing? | What were you doing at eight last night? |
📖 三、句子精读（教材书例句 · 抓从句）
句子才是学英语的核心：先读出主干（谁 + 做什么），再找从句在修饰谁。每句读 3 遍。
| # | 教材书例句 | 中文 | 从句 / 考点拆解 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He was working when the fire broke out. | 火灾发生时他正在工作。 | 过去进行时 + when 从句：长动作被短动作打断（长动作 was/were + doing，短动作过去式）；break out 爆发 |
| 2 | While I was reading, my mother was cooking. | 我读书的时候，妈妈正在做饭。 | while 引导：两个动作同时进行，两边都用过去进行时（while 后接延续性动词） |
| 3 | As I was walking home, it began to rain. | 我正走回家时，天开始下雨了。 | as 引导"正当……的时候"；begin to do 开始做某事 |
四、进阶 6 条
这 6 条重点看「红笔标注」，知道考什么比背下来更重要。
| 笔记# | 中文 | 英文 | 红笔标注 / 考点 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9 | 雪停了。 | It stopped snowing. | stop doing |
| 10 | 独自地 | by oneself | 反身代词随主语变 |
| 11 | 下次 | next time | 时间状语 |
| 12 | 醒来 | wake up | 动词短语 |
| 13 | 拍照 | take a photo | 动词短语 |
| 14 | 在一个寒冷的日子 | on a cold day | on + 具体某天 |
五、冲 A 6 条
学有余力再攻。20 条是本课的公式，记牢它造句就不会错。
| 笔记# | 中文 | 英文 | 红笔标注 / 考点 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15 | 你周末过得怎么样？—还不错。 | How was your weekend? — Not bad. | 一般过去时问答 |
| 16 | 听起来不错。 | Sounds nice. | sound + 形容词 |
| 17 | 大量地（雨、雪） | heavily | rain / snow heavily |
| 18 | 猜测 | guess | 动词 |
| 19 | 晴朗的；清楚的 | clear | 形容词 |
| 20 | 过去进行时：was / were + doing | 表示过去某时正在做 | 语法核心 |
六、句型全家桶（本课句型对号入座）
| 句型 | 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 正在做……这时…… | was/were + doing + when + 过去式 | I was walking my dog when it happened. |
| 一边……一边…… | While + was/were doing, ... was/were doing | While I was reading, Mum was cooking. |
| 正当……时 | As + was/were doing, ... | As I was walking home, it began to rain. |
| 那时你在做什么？ | What were you doing at ...? | What were you doing at eight last night? |
| 停止做…… | stop doing | It stopped snowing. |
| 独自地 | by oneself | He did it by himself. |
七、易错提醒（只记正确写法）
- when 从句用一般过去时（短动作），主句用过去进行时（长动作）
- while 后面接延续性动词，两边都用进行时
- was / were 看主语：I / he / she / it 用 was；we / you / they 用 were
- stop doing 停止正在做的事（区别于 stop to do 停下来去做另一件事）
- on + 具体某天（on a cold day / on Saturday morning）
- rain / snow heavily——heavily 是副词，修饰动词
八、同义句转换（中考句型转换的"等式"）
When the earthquake happened, I was walking my dog.＝While I was walking my dog, the earthquake happened.at that time＝thenby oneself＝alone＝on one's ownstop doing＝give up doing
📌 本课必背 3 句
- I was walking my dog when the earthquake happened.（地震发生时我正在遛狗。）
- While I was reading, my mother was cooking.（我在看书时，妈妈在做饭。）
- What were you doing at eight last night?（昨晚八点你在做什么？）
🎤 学完就能用的一句话
While I was doing my homework, the lights went out.（我正写作业，灯灭了。）
🎯 快测 5 题（汉译英 · 答案就在上面）
把下面的中文翻成英文；不会的翻回去找，找到后读 2 遍（对 3 题就合格）：
- 地震发生时我正在遛狗。 2. 我在看书时，妈妈在做饭。 3. 昨晚八点你在做什么？ 4. 那时孩子们在踢足球。 5. 雪停了。
答案：第 1、3、5、7、9 条
🔜 下一次预习：U8 · Integration
📖 预习用：本单元语法（过去进行时 + when/while/as）已核对，可放心提前学。