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U3 笔记整理 · 10-16(Word power:职业名词后缀)

来源:老师课堂背默笔记(10-16 周五,共 11 条)
锚定日 D0 = 10/16(D1 = 10/17 · D2 = 10/18 · D4 = 10/20 · D7 = 10/23 · D15 = 10/31 · D30 = 11/15)
本课定位:U3《To be a good learner》第 4 课词汇课——"动词/名词 + 后缀 → 职业名词"。江苏中考用所给单词适当形式填空年年考词缀;9/30、10/8 已零散接触 inventor / scientist,本课第一次系统成网。
对照:预测 预测_03(Integrated skills)未中,本课落在 Word power——预测仅作对照,以真实笔记为准。


一、笔记原文逐条对照(11 条)

笔记#中文英文原文红笔标注 / 考点
1动词 + er → 名词printer · planner · winner · manager · dancer · owner · writer · publisher · designer · photographer · singerphotographer(photo + graph + er 三段拼写难点);winner / planner / singer 红笔 = 双写末字母
2动词 + or → 名词visitor · inventor · actor · director · collector · protector · survive-survivor · create-creator · translate-translatorsurvivor / creator / translator 红笔 = 去 e 加 or 难点
3名词 + ist → 名词tourist · artist · dentist · violinist · piano-pianist · science-scientist · biology-biologistpianist / scientist / biologist 红笔 = 拼写特殊变化
4特殊变化music—musician · villager · stranger · foreigner · cook—cookmusician(-ian 不是 -ist);cook 名词"厨师"与动词"烹饪"同形 红笔
5不断提高自己作为作家的技能keep developing his skills as a writerdeveloping 红笔:keep 后接 V-ing
6为日常生活创造许多有用的东西make many useful things for daily lifefor 红笔:things for daily life(表用途)
7在科学史上起(发挥)重要作用play an important role in the history of science固定搭配:play a role in + 名词
8"多面手"是指擅长许多不同工作的人A slashie is someone good at many different jobsslashie = 多面手/斜杠青年;someone good at…(形容词后置定语)
9一位歌手兼舞者a singer and dancer一人兼两职:a A and B(B 前不再加冠词)
10一名出色的摄影家和作家an amazing photographer and writer同上;an amazing(元音音素开头用 an)
11有越来越多的机会给人们在不同的领域发展兴趣There are more and more chances for people to develop their interests in different areasfor(chances for sb)、to develop(chances for sb to do sth)红笔

二、高频词精讲

单词词性中文常考搭配最佳例句
⭐ developv.发展;开发;培养develop one's skills / develop an interest in;developing(发展中的)He keeps developing his skills as a writer.
⭐ skilln.技能skills as a writer;social skillsShe has good listening skills.
⭐ rolen.作用;角色play an important role in = play an important part inScience plays an important role in our daily life.
⭐ chancen.机会chances for sb to do sth;have a chance to doThere are more and more chances for people to learn online.
⭐ amazingadj.令人惊叹的an amazing + 元音音素开头的名词Franklin was an amazing inventor.
winnern.获胜者win(双写 n)→ winnerShe is the winner of the English contest.
managern.经理manage → manager(去 e)His mother is a manager of a big company.
scientistn.科学家science → scientist(去 ce + tist)I want to be a scientist like Franklin.
musiciann.音乐家music → musician(-ian 不是 -ist)The musician plays the violin wonderfully.
slashien.多面手;斜杠青年a slashie is someone good at…A slashie is someone good at many different jobs.

三、考点深挖 ① · 职业名词后缀(构成 / 拼写 / 句型)

3.1 构成四条路(本课所有词都能归进这四条)

路线规则例词
A. 动词 + er最常见;表"做…的人"print→printer · plan→planner · win→winner · manage→manager · dance→dancer · own→owner · write→writer · publish→publisher · design→designer · photograph→photographer · sing→singer
B. 动词 + or多为拉丁词根词visit→visitor · invent→inventor · act→actor · direct→director · collect→collector · protect→protector · survive→survivor · create→creator · translate→translator
C. 名词/学科 + ist学科、乐器、技艺tour→tourist · art→artist · dent→dentist · violin→violinist · piano→pianist · science→scientist · biology→biologist
D. 特殊变化单独记music→musician(-ian)· village→villager · strange→stranger · foreign→foreigner · cook(n. 厨师 = v. 烹饪,同形)

3.2 拼写三条小规则("适当形式填空"丢分点)

  1. 双写末字母:win→winner;plan→planner;sing→sinner(同 run→runner)
  2. 去 e 再加:write→writer;dance→dancer;manage→manager;create→creator;translate→translator;survive→survivor
  3. 词尾特殊变:biology→biologist(去 y);science→scientist(去 ce + tist);music→musician(-ian 不是 -ist)

3.3 易错点(只记正确写法)

  • "厨师"是 cook;cooker 是炊具(锅、灶),不是厨师——本课红笔"cook—cook"考的就是它
  • photographer = photo + graph + er,三段都要写全,中间是 graph
  • scientist 中间是 ti;musician 用 -ian;violin→violinist 但 piano→pianist(去 o)
  • one of the + 复数:one of the greatest inventors
  • keep 后接 V-ing(keep developing),≠ keep to do

3.4 句型全家桶(本课笔记句全部对号入座)

句型结构本课例句
坚持做某事keep + V-ingHe keeps developing his skills as a writer.
起(发挥)重要作用play an important role in + 名词He plays an important role in the history of science.
有机会做某事There are chances for sb to do sthThere are more and more chances for people to develop their interests.
后置定语someone / a person good at…A slashie is someone good at many different jobs.
一人兼两职a A and B(B 前不加冠词)a singer and dancer | an amazing photographer and writer

3.5 同义句转换(中考句型转换的"等式")

  • play an important role in = play an important part in = be important to
  • She is a singer and dancer. = She is not only a singer but also a dancer.(回扣 U2 9/17 句型)
  • He keeps developing his skills. = He never stops developing his skills.(回扣 9/28 stop doing)= He keeps on improving his skills.

四、考点深挖 ② · 词缀家族对照 + 易混辨析

4.1 后缀全家桶对照表(词根 → 职业 → 中文)

词根-er-or-ist / 特殊
print / win / singprinter 印刷工 · winner 获胜者 · singer 歌手——
act / direct / invent—actor 演员 · director 导演 · inventor 发明家—
art / science / tour——artist 画家 · scientist 科学家 · tourist 游客
music / piano / violin——musician 音乐家 · pianist 钢琴家 · violinist 小提琴手

4.2 易混辨析

易混一句话讲解正面例句
cook vs cookercook = 厨师(人);cooker = 炉具锅具(物)My uncle is a good cook. / She bought a new cooker.
invent / inventor / invention动词"发明" / 发明家(人)/ 发明(物)Edison invented the light bulb. He was a great inventor.
survive / survivor动词"幸存" / 幸存者(人)The survivors survived the earthquake.
develop / developing / development动词 / 形容词(发展中的)/ 名词He keeps developing his skills.(回扣 9/17 词族)
themselves vs each other自己(各自)/ 互相They taught themselves English. / They help each other.

4.3 必背搭配(会随人称变化的加粗)

搭配中文考点提示
keep doing sth坚持/不断做某事keep 后接 V-ing
develop an interest in…培养……的兴趣in + 名词/V-ing
play a role in…在……起作用in + 名词
chances for sb to do给某人做某事的机会for + 人 + to do
be good at…擅长……at + 名词/V-ing

五、教材联动(本课考点在已学课文里早就露过脸)

已学句子出处(旧笔记/素材)本课考点
Edison invented the light bulb. / Franklin was a famous inventor.U3 · 10-08 高频词动词 + or → 名词(本课路线 B)
earthquake 词族 survive / survival / survivorU2 · 9-17 笔记survive → survivor(去 e 加 or)
词族 develop / developing / developed / developmentU2 · 9-17 笔记develop 词族(今天"keep developing his skills")
He taught himself by reading, because he was curious about everything.U3 · 9-29 笔记 / 素材反身代词 + be curious about(今天句 11 的 develop interests 呼应)

六、必背句 8 句(分层:基础 5 + 冲 A 3)

基础(笔记原句,默写级)

  1. He keeps developing his skills as a writer.(他不断提高自己作为作家的技能。)
  2. He makes many useful things for daily life.(他为日常生活创造许多有用的东西。)
  3. He plays an important role in the history of science.(他在科学史上起着重要作用。)
  4. A slashie is someone good at many different jobs.("多面手"是指擅长许多不同工作的人。)
  5. There are more and more chances for people to develop their interests in different areas.(有越来越多的机会给人们在不同的领域发展兴趣。)

冲 A(按本课考点自组的中考式升级句)

  1. The more skills you develop, the more chances you will have.(你培养的技能越多,拥有的机会就越多。)—— The + 比较级(10/12 Grammar)
  2. My dream is to be a scientist, so I keep developing my skills in science and never stop trying.(我的梦想是当科学家,所以我不断提高科学技能、从不停止尝试。)—— keep doing + stop doing
  3. I want to be not only a writer but also a photographer, because I enjoy telling stories in different ways.(我想既当作家又当摄影师,因为我喜欢用不同的方式讲故事。)—— not only…but also("兼职"升级版)

七、中考考法速查(3 类题型)

题型考什么解题抓手
单项选择词缀辨析(cook/cooker、scientist/musician 拼写)+ role 后介词人 -er/-or,学科 -ist,音乐 -ian;"厨师"是 cook,cooker 是炊具;play a role in
用所给单词适当形式填空动词→职业名词(invent→inventor / win→winner / piano→pianist)先判"人还是物",再套四条路 + 三条拼写规则
汉译英 / 短文填空keep doing / play an important role in / chances for sb to do三句型连背:keep doing;role in;chances for sb to do

八、抗遗忘复习锚点(Word power · D0 = 10/16)

节点日期复习重点
D010/16当日新学:§一 全表 + §3.1 四条路
D110/17§3.2 拼写三规则(双写/去 e/特殊变)+ §3.3 易错(cook vs cooker)
D210/18§3.4 句型全家桶(keep doing / role in / chances for sb to do)
D410/20§4.1 词缀全家桶对照表 + §4.2 易混辨析
D710/23§六 必背句 8 句默写 + §七 中考考法
D15 / D3010/31 / 11/15长线回滚:§一 11 条 + 冲 A 3 句

💡 本课是词汇课:复习以听写 + 词性转换为主(先听写词根→再变职业名词),句型为辅。