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U2 笔记整理 · 09-16(Reading:as…as 比较结构 + 数量比较)
来源:老师课堂背默笔记(9/16,1 张,编号 1-16)
锚定日 D0 = 09-16:D1 = 09-17、D2 = 09-18、D4 = 09-20、D7 = 09-23、D15 = 10-01、D30 = 10/16
本课定位:全册第一次系统讲"同级比较 as…as",并补上"数量比较 fewer / less / more"。它和 U1 的"比较级 / 最高级"合起来,构成中考比较句的完整体系(原级 / 比较级 / 最高级)。本课国名一族词(Frenchman / Germans)是单选和短文填空的固定考点。
对照:本课早于"预习预测"体系建立,无对应预测。
一、笔记原文逐条对照(16 条)
| 笔记# | 中文 | 英文原文 | 红笔标注 / 考点 |
|---|
| 1 | 有更少的学生 | have fewer students than | 红笔:fewer + 可数复数 |
| 2 | 很多有趣的科目可供选择 | many interesting subjects to choose from | 红笔:from 不可省 |
| 3 | 外语 | foreign languages | language 可数,用复数 |
| 4 | 和……一样 | as + 原级 + as | 红笔:中间用原级 |
| 5 | 不如…… | not as / so + 原级 + as | 红笔:as 与 so 都可 |
| 6 | 期待(做)某事 | look forward to (doing) sth | 红笔:to 是介词,后接名词 / 动名词 |
| 7 | 试一试 | have a go (at sth) | = have a try |
| 8 | 艺术(总称) | the arts | 红笔:作主语谓语用 are |
| 9 | 有创造性 | be creative | Being creative is great(动名词主语用单数) |
| 10 | 时光飞逝! | Time flies! | 固定习语,fly 加 s |
| 11 | 法国 – 法语 – 法国人 – 法国人们 | France – French – Frenchman – Frenchmen | 红笔:复数 Frenchmen |
| 12 | 德国 – 德语 – 德国人 – 德国人们 | Germany – German – Germans | 红笔:复数 Germans(不是 Germen) |
| 13 | 说法语 / 说德语 | speak French / German | 语言前不加 the |
| 14 | 在外国 | in a foreign country | in + 国家 |
| 15 | 擅长戏剧 | be good at drama | 对比 be good for / to |
| 16 | 选择做某事 | choose to do sth | choose to do,不用 doing |
二、高频词精讲(每词带考法)
| 单词 | 词性 | 中文 | 常考搭配 | 最佳例句 |
|---|
| ⭐ drama | n. | 戏剧 | a drama club | I want to join the drama club.(我想加入戏剧社。) |
| ⭐ foreign | adj. | 外国的 | foreign languages | We learn two foreign languages at school.(我们学两门外语。) |
| ⭐ foreigner | n. | 外国人 | talk with a foreigner | A foreigner visited our school yesterday.(昨天一位外国人参观了我们学校。) |
| ⭐ creative | adj. | 有创造性的 | be creative | Being creative is great.(有创造性很棒。) |
| ⭐ create | v. | 创造 | create new things | We can create new things in the art class.(我们能在美术课创造新东西。) |
| ⭐ simple | adj. | 简单的 | simpler / simplest | Chinese is not as simple as English.(汉语不如英语简单。) |
| ⭐ choose | v. | 选择 | choose from;choose to do | There are many subjects to choose from.(有很多科目可供选择。) |
| choice | n. | 选择(可数) | make a choice | You can make your own choice.(你可以自己做选择。) |
| subject | n. | 科目 | an interesting subject | We have many interesting subjects.(我们有很多有趣的科目。) |
| art / the arts | n. | 艺术 / 艺术(总称) | the arts | The arts are as important as languages.(艺术和语言一样重要。) |
| few → fewer | adj. | 少 → 更少 | fewer + 可数复数 | We have fewer students than Class 2.(我们学生比二班少。) |
| France / French | n. | 法国 / 法语 | speak French | French is not easy to learn.(法语不好学。) |
三、考点深挖 ① · as…as 全家桶(本课头号考点)
3.1 三种基本式(本课所有比较句对号入座)
| 结构 | 含义 | 本课例句 |
|---|
| as + 原级 + as | A 和 B 一样……(肯定) | The arts are as important as languages. |
| not as / so + 原级 + as | A 不如 B……(否定) | Chinese is not as simple as French. |
| as + 原级 + as possible | 尽可能…… | Please come as soon as possible. |
⚠️ as…as 中间永远用原级——说 as important as,不说 as more important as。
3.2 同义转换(中考句型转换的"等式")
| 原句 | 同义改写 |
|---|
| Nancy's school is not as big as Tomoyo's. | = Nancy's school is smaller than Tomoyo's.(原级是 big → 换反义比较级 smaller) |
| This book is not as interesting as that one. | = This book is less interesting than that one.(原级是 -ing 形容词 → 用 less … than) |
| Tom is as tall as Jim. | = Jim is as tall as Tom.(同级比较双向对等,可互换) |
规律:否定同级 → 比较级时,能直接反义就反义(big→smaller);不能反义(多音节 / -ing 形容词)就用 less … than。
3.3 数量比较三组(fewer / less / more)
| 组 | 比较级 | 最高级 | 修饰 |
|---|
| few 族 | fewer + 可数复数 + than | the fewest + 可数复数 | 可数名词 |
| little 族 | less + 不可数 + than | the least + 不可数 | 不可数名词 |
| many / much 族 | more + n. + than | the most + n. | 可数 / 不可数均可 |
- → Our class has fewer students than yours.(我们班学生比你们班少。)
- → We have less homework than before.(作业比以前少。)
- → We have more club activities than theirs.(社团活动比他们的多。)
3.4 国名 → 语言 → 国人(一族词 · 红笔)
| 国家 | 语言 / 形容词 | 国人(单) | 国人(复) |
|---|
| France 法国 | French | Frenchman | Frenchmen(man → men) |
| Germany 德国 | German | German | Germans(直接加 s) |
| China 中国 | Chinese | Chinese | Chinese(单复同形) |
| England 英国 | English | Englishman | Englishmen |
| Japan 日本 | Japanese | Japanese | Japanese(单复同形) |
⚠️ 语言名词前不加 the:speak French / German / English。
四、考点深挖 ② · look forward to + 动名词作主语 + 词族
4.1 look forward to doing(高频易错)
- look forward to + 名词 / 动名词(to 是介词!)→ I look forward to seeing you again.
- 同类"to 是介词"短语(必背):pay attention to doing、be used to doing、prefer A to B、devote … to doing。
4.2 动名词 / 不定式作主语,谓语用单数
| 主语 | 谓语 | 例句 |
|---|
| 动名词(Being creative) | 单数 is / was | Being creative is great. |
| 名词复数(The arts) | 复数 are | The arts are as important as languages. |
一句话:动名词 / 不定式作主语 = 一件事 = 用单数;名词复数作主语 = 用复数。
4.3 本课词族一条龙
| 词根 | 词族 |
|---|
| create | create(v.)→ creative(adj.)→ creation(n.)→ creativity(n. 创造力) |
| foreign | foreign(adj.)→ foreigner(n.) |
| choose | choose(v.)→ chose(过去式)→ chosen(过去分词)→ choice(n.) |
| simple | simple(adj.)→ simply(adv.)→ simplify(v.) |
| few / little | few → fewer → fewest(可数);little → less → least(不可数) |
4.4 易混辨析
| 对照 | 区别 |
|---|
| choose from | from 不可省(从……中挑选)→ subjects to choose from |
| drama 不可数 | a drama club / join the drama club(不写 a drama) |
| have a go = have a try | 后接 at + 名词 → have a go at it |
| fewer vs less | fewer + 可数复数;less + 不可数 |
五、教材联动(本课考点在已学课文里早就露过脸)
| 已学句子 | 出处 | 本课考点 |
|---|
| He is the most humorous boy in our class. | U1 第一周 | 最高级——本课补上"原级 as…as",比较句三家齐了 |
| The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make. | U1 第一周 | the + 比较级 + the + 比较级 + fewer——本课数量比较的源头 |
| Your book is thicker than mine. | U1 第一周 | 比较替代(mine)——本课 as…as 的同类替代思维 |
为什么 Reading 课要回头连旧课文:U1 讲的是"比较级 / 最高级",本课讲"原级 as…as + 数量比较",两者合起来才是完整的比较体系。复习时把 U1 那三句和本课 §3.1 对照读,比较句就成体系了。
六、必背句 8 句(分层:基础 5 + 冲 A 3)
基础(笔记原句,默写级)
- The arts are as important as languages.(艺术和语言一样重要。)
- Chinese is not as simple as French or German.(汉语不如法语或德语简单。)
- There are many interesting subjects to choose from.(有很多有趣的科目可供选择。)
- Being creative is great.(有创造性很棒。)
- He can speak French and German.(他会说法语和德语。)
冲 A(中考式升级句,作文直接用)
- I look forward to every art lesson because being creative makes me happy.(我期待每一节美术课,因为创造让我快乐。)—— look forward to + because 状语从句
- Our class has fewer students than Class 2, but we are as hard-working as they are.(我们班学生比二班少,但我们和他们一样努力。)—— 数量比较 + as…as 长句
- Time flies when I am having fun at school, so I try to make the most of every day.(在学校开心时时光飞逝,所以我尽量用好每一天。)—— Time flies + make the most of
七、中考考法速查(3 类题型)
| 题型 | 考什么 | 解题抓手 |
|---|
| 单项选择 | ① as…as 中间用原级 ② fewer + 可数 / less + 不可数 ③ Frenchman→Frenchmen、German→Germans | 看见 as…as → 原级;看见 fewer/less → 数可数还是不可数 |
| 句型转换 / 同义句 | not as big as = smaller than;not as interesting as = less interesting than | 能反义用反义比较级,不能反义用 less…than |
| 短文填空 / 汉译英 | look forward to doing;动名词主语用单数;国名一族词 | 看见 look forward to → 后面接 doing |
八、抗遗忘复习锚点(U2 Reading · D0 = 09-16)
| 节点 | 日期 | 复习重点(从本篇直接取) |
|---|
| D0 | 09-16 | §3.1 as…as / not as…as + §3.3 数量比较 + §3.4 国名一族词 + look forward to doing |
| D1 | 09-17 | §二 高频词 + §一 16 条短语听写;as…as 改写 |
| D2 | 09-18 | §3.2 同义转换 + 汉译英 |
| D4 | 09-20 | §3.3 数量比较(fewer / less)+ §4.4 易混辨析 |
| D7 | 09-23 | 综合默写 + 成段运用(用 as…as 写"我的学校 vs 别的学校") |
| D15 | 10-01 | 全单元回滚(§一 16 条 + §七 三题型自测) |
| D30 | 10/16 | 阶段总复盘 |
💡 本课是语法课(比较句),复习方式与词汇课不同:优先句型转换(口头)和 fewer/less 填空(笔头),别逐条抄表。