U5 · Grammar 预习笔记(背默版 · 20 条)
教材:译林版(2024) 8A U5《Wild animals》· Grammar(P50 左右)
本课定位:U5 语法课——动词不定式 to do 的四种用法。中考单选、适当形式填空、汉译英全都考它,尤其是"感官/使役动词后省 to、被动还原 to"这条必考规则。
预测确定性:✅ 教材已确认 | 条数:20 条
⏱ 20 分钟:保底 8 条 5′ → 句子精读 3′ → 进阶 6 条 4′ → 冲 A 6 条 3′ → 必背句 + 快测 5′;做不动就停在保底组。
一、核心词组 · 保底 8 条(中文 → 英文)
看中文说英文,说不出的看右侧英文,再遮住中文重来一遍。
| 笔记# | 中文 | 英文 | 红笔标注 / 考点 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 充满活力 | full of energy | be full of = be filled with |
| 2 | 爬过墙 | climb over the wall | climb over 翻越 |
| 3 | 偶尔,它能设法爬上去。 | Once in a while, it manages to climb up. | manage to do;once in a while 偶尔 |
| 4 | 为了保持安全 | in order to stay safe | in order to + 原形(目的状语) |
| 5 | 保护野生动物对我们很重要。 | It is important for us to protect wild animals. | It is + adj + for sb + to do |
| 6 | 吴老师让我们穿舒适的鞋。 | Mr Wu told us to wear a pair of comfortable shoes. | tell sb to do(不定式作宾补) |
| 7 | 我们必须采取行动拯救它们。 | We must take action to save them. | to do 作目的状语 |
| 8 | 它不想四处活动。 | She does not want to move around. | want to do |
二、归类记忆 · 两条线
2.1 不定式四条路
| 路线 | 作用 | 本课例句 |
|---|---|---|
| A. 作宾语 | 跟在动词后面 | want to do(想要做)| decide to do(决定做)| plan to do(计划做)| manage to do(设法做成) |
| B. 作目的状语 | 表示"为了……" | in order to stay safe(为了保持安全)| take action to save them(为了拯救它们) |
| C. 作宾补 | 补充说明宾语 | tell sb to do(叫某人做)| ask sb to do(请某人做) |
| D. 作定语 | 修饰前面的名词 | nowhere to live(无处可住)| a lot of work to do |
2.2 省 to 的三类(中考必考)
| 类别 | 动词 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 感官动词 | see / hear / watch | I saw him cross the road.(看见全过程) |
| 使役动词 | let / make / have | Let me help you. | The joke made us laugh. |
| 被动要还原 to | be made to do | He was made to do it again.(被动必须加回 to) |
📖 三、句子精读(教材书例句 · 抓从句)
句子才是学英语的核心:先读出主干(谁 + 做什么),再找从句在修饰谁。每句读 3 遍。
| # | 教材书例句 | 中文 | 从句 / 考点拆解 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It is important for us to protect wild animals. | 保护野生动物对我们来说很重要。 | it 形式主语 + for sb to do(for 引出动作的执行者);protect v. 保护 |
| 2 | Scientists are working hard to help pandas have more babies. | 科学家们正在努力帮助熊猫繁育更多幼崽。 | 不定式作目的状语;help sb (to) do(to 可省);现在进行时 are working |
| 3 | We must take action to save them. | 我们必须采取行动来拯救它们。 | 情态动词 must + 动词原形;take action to do;save v. 拯救、节省 |
四、进阶 6 条
这 6 条重点看「红笔标注」,知道考什么比背下来更重要。
| 笔记# | 中文 | 英文 | 红笔标注 / 考点 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9 | 我无处可住。 | I have nowhere to live. | 不定式作定语修饰 nowhere |
| 10 | 我们很难生存。 | It is hard for us to live. | It is + adj + for sb + to do |
| 11 | 科学家们正努力帮助熊猫多生宝宝。 | Scientists are working hard to help pandas have more babies. | work hard to do |
| 12 | 设法做成某事 | manage to do sth | manage + to do(成功做到) |
| 13 | 决定做某事 | decide to do sth | decide + to do(不接 doing) |
| 14 | 计划做某事 | plan to do sth | plan + to do |
五、冲 A 6 条
学有余力再攻。16–19 条是"省 to / 还原 to"的必考四式。
| 笔记# | 中文 | 英文 | 红笔标注 / 考点 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15 | 请某人做某事 | ask sb to do sth | ask sb + to do |
| 16 | 看见某人做某事(全过程) | see sb do sth | 感官动词后省 to |
| 17 | 让某人做某事 | let sb do sth | 使役动词后省 to |
| 18 | 使某人做某事 | make sb do sth | make sb + do(主动省 to) |
| 19 | 被迫做某事 | be made to do sth | 被动语态需还原 to |
| 20 | 疑问词 + to do | what to do / how to do it | 疑问词 + 不定式 |
六、句型全家桶(本课句型对号入座)
| 句型 | 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 对某人来说做……是……的 | It is + adj + for sb + to do | It is important for us to protect wild animals. |
| 叫/请某人做 | tell / ask sb to do | Mr Wu told us to wear comfortable shoes. |
| 为了做某事 | in order to do | In order to stay safe, they move at night. |
| 设法做成 | manage to do | It manages to climb up. |
| 采取行动做 | take action to do | We must take action to save them. |
| 疑问词 + 不定式 | wh- + to do | I don't know what to do. |
七、易错提醒(只记正确写法)
- 感官动词、使役动词后省 to:see sb do / let sb do / make sb do
- 变被动后必须还原 to:be made to do(不说 be made do)
- manage to do=成功做到(≠ try to do 只表努力,未必成功)
- It is + adj + for sb + to do——for 引出动作执行者(说人品质时用 of:kind of you)
- help sb (to) do——to 可省可不省,两种都对
- 疑问词 + to do:what to do(what 作 do 的宾语);how to do it(how 后要带宾语 it)
八、同义句转换(中考句型转换的"等式")
in order to do=so as to do=to doI have nowhere to live.=I have no place to live in.It is important for us to protect wild animals.=Protecting wild animals is important for us.manage to do=succeed in doing
📌 本课必背 3 句
- It is important for us to protect wild animals.(保护野生动物对我们很重要。)
- Mr Wu told us to wear a pair of comfortable shoes.(吴老师让我们穿一双舒适的鞋。)
- They have nowhere to live, so we must take action to save them.(它们无处可住,所以我们必须采取行动拯救它们。)
🎤 学完就能用的一句话
I want to learn more about wild animals.(我想更多地了解野生动物。)
🎯 快测 5 题(汉译英 · 答案就在上面)
把下面的中文翻成英文;不会的翻回去找,找到后读 2 遍(对 3 题就合格):
- 充满活力 2. 保护野生动物对我们很重要。 3. 我无处可住。 4. 决定做某事 5. 让某人做某事
答案:第 1、5、9、13、17 条
🔜 下一次预习:U5 · Integration
📖 预习用:本单元语法(动词不定式)已核对,可放心提前学。