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U3 笔记整理 · 09-29(Reading:终身学习者富兰克林)

来源:老师课堂背默笔记(9/29,1 页,编号 1-19)
锚定日 D0 = 09-29:D1 = 09-30、D2 = 10/01、D4 = 10/03、D7 = 10/06、D15 = 10/14、D30 = 10/29
本课定位:全册第一次系统呈现"人物传记类阅读 + 反身代词 / 目的状语 / one of 结构"。富兰克林故事是中考"人物 / 成长"话题完形的经典母本;本课的 teach oneself = learn by oneself、in order to do、one of the + 复数 会在 U4–U8 反复考。
对照:本课早于"预习预测"体系建立,无对应预测;与 10/12 Grammar(反身代词系统性)前后呼应——本课的 teach himself 就是那节课的伏笔。


一、笔记原文逐条对照(19 条)

笔记#中文英文原文红笔标注 / 考点
1一位终身学习者a lifelong learnerlifelong = life + long
2发明 v. — 发明 n. — 发明家 n.invent — invention — inventor红笔:inventor 用 -or(不是 -er)
3美国开国元勋之一one of the Founding Fathers of the United Statesone of the + 复数
4一个有很多才能的人a man of many talentsof 短语作后置定语
5对……有天赋have a talent for …红笔:for + 方面
6在 18 世纪in the 18th century序数词 + century
7使……从……中突出set sb / sth apart from sb / sthapart from 分开
8受 / 有两年的教育have two years of educationeducation 不可数
9打印 v. / 印刷工 n.print — printer-er 表人或机器
10通过阅读自学He taught himself by reading.红笔:teach oneself;by + 方式
11自学某事(两种说法)teach oneself sth = learn sth by oneself反身代词随主语变
12书商bookseller复合词 book + seller
13熬夜到很晚stay up very latestay up 熬夜
14为了第二天早点还它们He stayed up in order to return the books early the next day.红笔:return = give them back;in order to + 原形
15对……好奇be curious aboutabout + 对象
16暴风雨in the storm天气名词
17从一个地方移动到另一个地方move from one place to anotheranother = another place
18调查发现make important findings复数 findings
19预测天气predict the weatherpredict + 宾语

二、高频词精讲(每词带考法)

单词词性中文常考搭配最佳例句
⭐ inventv.发明invent sthEdison invented the light bulb.(爱迪生发明了电灯。)
⭐ inventionn.发明an important inventionPrinting is a great invention.(印刷术是一项伟大的发明。)
⭐ inventorn.发明家(-or)a famous inventorFranklin was a famous inventor.(富兰克林是位著名的发明家。)
⭐ talentn.天赋;才能a man of many talents;have a talent forHe has a talent for music.(他有音乐天赋。)
⭐ curiousadj.好奇的be curious about …He was curious about everything.(他对一切都好奇。)
⭐ predictv.预测predict the weatherHe could predict the weather.(他能预测天气。)
printv. / n.打印;印刷print — printerHe worked as a printer.(他做过印刷工。)
educationn.教育(不可数)have two years of educationHe only had two years of education.(他只受过两年教育。)
stormn.暴风雨in the stormHe flew a kite in the storm.(他在暴风雨中放风筝。)
findingn.调查发现(常复数)make important findingsThis is an important scientific finding.(这是一项重要的科学发现。)
lifelongadj.终身的a lifelong learnerBe a lifelong learner.(做一名终身学习者。)
booksellern.书商work as a booksellerHe was a bookseller when he was young.(他年轻时是个书商。)
centuryn.世纪in the 18th centuryHe lived in the 18th century.(他生活在 18 世纪。)

三、考点深挖 ① · 反身代词首现 + invent 词族 + one of 结构

3.1 反身代词首现:teach oneself = learn sth by oneself(10/12 将系统展开)

说法结构本课例句
teach oneself sthteach + oneself + sthHe taught himself English.
learn sth by oneselflearn + sth + by oneselfHe learned English by himself.
本课原句He taught himself by reading.

反身代词必须与主语一致:I → myself;we → ourselves;you → yourself / yourselves;he → himself;she → herself;they → themselves。
10/12 Grammar 会系统讲反身代词 15 个搭配与同位语用法,本课先建立"by + 反身代词 = 独自/自学"的第一印象。

3.2 invent 词族三连(红笔 inventor)

词性单词后缀规律
v.invent(发明)动词原形
n.(物)invention(发明物)-ion 名词后缀
n.(人)inventor(发明家)-or 表人(≠ -er!)

易错对照:inventor(发明家)/ visitor(访客)用 -or;teacher(教师)/ worker(工人)用 -er。考试单选常拿 -or / -er 做干扰项。
同族补充:discover(发现)→ discovery(发现物)——"发明"造出不存在之物,"发现"找到已存在之物,别混。

3.3 one of the + 复数(最高级结构)

  • one of the Founding Fathers of the United States(美国开国元勋之一)——one of 后接复数名词。
  • 同类:one of the countries with the most earthquakes(9/17);one of the best ways of making friends(9/11)。
  • ⚠️ 谓语单数:One of the boys is from England.(主语是 one)——若主句主语是 one of 结构,谓语用单数。

3.4 in order to + 动词原形(目的状语)

结构含义例句 / 说明
in order to do为了做某事(句首 / 句中皆可)He stayed up in order to return the books early.
in order not to do为了不做某事He left early in order not to be late.
so as to do= in order to(不置句首)He got up early so as to catch the bus.
to do简化形式He got up early to catch the bus.

红笔同义替换:return them = give them back(还给)。the next day:过去故事里的"第二天"(≠ 将来时里的 tomorrow)。


四、考点深挖 ② · 词族大表 + talent / apart / curious 用法

4.1 本课五组词族一条龙

词根词族
inventinvent(v.)→ invention(n.)→ inventor(n. 人)
printprint(v./n.)→ printer(n. 打印机 / 印刷工)
lifelife(n.)→ lifelong(adj. 终身的)
bookbook(n.)→ bookseller(n. 书商,book + seller)
educateeducate(v.)→ education(n.)→ educational(adj.)

4.2 have a talent for / a man of many talents

表达结构例句
have a talent forfor + 名词 / doing(对……有天赋)She has a talent for drawing.(她有绘画天赋。)
a man of many talentsof 短语作后置定语He was a man of many talents.(他是个多才多艺的人。)
be talented in / at= have a talent forHe is talented in science.

4.3 set … apart from / be curious about / predict

短语含义例句
set sb / sth apart from使……从……中突出 / 区别开His curiosity set him apart from others.(好奇心使他脱颖而出。)
be curious about对……好奇(about 不可换 of)He was curious about storms.
predict the weather预测天气He could predict the weather.
stay up very late熬夜到很晚Don't stay up very late.

4.4 易混辨析

对照区别
invent vs discoverinvent 发明不存在之物;discover 发现已存在之物
teach oneself vs learn by oneself同一意思两种说法,反身代词都随主语变
education 不可数不说 an education / educations;说 two years of education
the next day vs tomorrow过去故事的"第二天"用 the next day;直接引语 / 将来时用 tomorrow

五、教材联动(本课考点在已学课文里早就露过脸)

已学句子出处本课考点
We finished the model by ourselves.9/17 Reading 深入by + 反身代词——本课 teach himself by reading 的同款结构
Japan is one of the countries with the most earthquakes.9/17 Reading 深入one of the + 复数 + with 定语——与 Founding Fathers 同构
One of the best ways of making friends is to join a club.9/11 Integration 2one of the + 最高级 + 复数(谓语单数)

为什么 Reading 课要回头连旧课文:本课表面是"富兰克林传记",实则把 U2 学过的 by oneself、one of 结构搬到人物阅读里;而 teach himself 正是 10/12 Grammar 反身代词那节课的"预演"。复习时把这 3 句串起来看,语法线就贯通了。


六、必背句 8 句(分层:基础 5 + 冲 A 3)

基础(笔记原句,默写级)

  1. Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.(富兰克林是美国开国元勋之一。)
  2. He was a lifelong learner and a man of many talents.(他是一位终身学习者,也是一个有很多才能的人。)
  3. He had a talent for science.(他很有科学天赋。)
  4. He taught himself by reading.(他通过阅读自学。)
  5. He stayed up very late in order to return the books early the next day.(他熬夜到很晚,为了第二天早点还书。)

冲 A(中考式升级句,作文直接用)

  1. He was curious about everything, and he could even predict the weather.(他对一切好奇,甚至能预测天气。)—— be curious about + and 并列
  2. What set Franklin apart from others was not his talent but his love of learning.(让富兰克林脱颖而出的不是天赋,而是他对学习的热爱。)—— What 主语从句 + not…but…
  3. As a lifelong learner, he managed to teach himself by reading in order to keep learning.(作为一名终身学习者,他设法通过阅读自学,以便持续学习。)—— 同位语 + manage to do + in order to

七、中考考法速查(3 类题型)

题型考什么解题抓手
单项选择① inventor 的 -or ② one of 后接复数、谓语单数 ③ in order to 后接原形看见 one of the → 名词必复数;看见 in order → 后面接动词原形
句型转换 / 同义句teach oneself sth = learn sth by oneself;in order to do = so as to do = to do;return = give back三组等式互换,注意反身代词随主语变
短文填空 / 汉译英词族填空(invent / invention / inventor);education 不可数看见空格在冠词后 → 名词;看见"自学"→ teach oneself / by oneself

八、抗遗忘复习锚点(U3 Reading · D0 = 09-29)

节点日期复习重点(从本篇直接取)
D009-29lifelong / §3.2 invent 词族 / talent / curious / teach oneself / in order to
D109-3019 条短语首次听写 + §二 高频词(已认读)
D210-01§3.1 teach oneself = learn by oneself + §3.4 in order to 改写
D410-03富兰克林故事成段复述 + §4.1 词族大表
D710-06综合回滚 + 用 Reading 词汇写"我的自学经历"
D1510-14全批回滚(§一 19 条 + §七 三题型自测)
D3010-29阶段总复盘

💡 本课是人物阅读 + 词族课,复习方式:先做词族填空(invent / invention / inventor),再做成段复述(用必须背句 1–5 串起富兰克林的故事);§3.1 反身代词配合 10/12 Grammar 一起过。