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U3 笔记整理 · 10-19（Integration：语言大师赵元任 · 语言学习方法）

来源：老师课堂背默笔记（10-19 周一，共 17 条）
锚定日 D0 = 10/19（D1 = 10/20 · D2 = 10/21 · D4 = 10/23 · D7 = 10/26 · D15 = 11/3 · D30 = 11/18）
本课定位：U3《To be a good learner》第 5 课综合技能课——以"语言大师赵元任"为语料，串语言学习方法词块 + It 形式主语 / find it + adj + to do / believed that 宾语从句三大句型。江苏中考"学习建议"类话题作文的素材富矿。
对照：预测 预测_03（Integrated skills）命中（较预测上课日 10/9 顺延；10/16 实际先上了 Word power）。预测仅作对照，以真实笔记为准。

一、笔记原文逐条对照（17 条）

笔记#	中文	英文原文	红笔标注 / 考点
1	一位语言大师	a language master	master 名词"大师"；a + 单数名词表泛指
2	中国方言	Chinese dialects	dialect 复数 dialects；Chinese 首字母大写
3	找到学语言的有用的方法	find useful ways to learn languages	ways to do sth（to do 作后置定语）
4	和当地人交谈	talk with the locals	the + adj → 一类人：the locals＝当地人们
5	通过把自己置身于语言环境中	by putting himself in the language environment	红笔补 environment 拼写；by + V-ing；put oneself in…；himself 反身代词
6	随身携带笔和纸	carry a pen and paper with him	carry … with sb；paper 不可数（不加 a/the）
7	写下有用的句子	write down useful sentences	write down＝记下；down 副词，代词放中间
8	赵相信专注学习句子比单独学单词效果更好	Zhao believed that it was better to focus on learning sentences than single words.	红笔 words 拼写；believed that 从句（主过从也过）；it 形式主语；focus on doing；better…than 比较
9	学习一门新语言很难	It's hard to learn a new language.	It 形式主语：It's + adj + to do
10	用正确的方法做它	do it the right way	the right way 作方式状语（不用 in）
11	容易得多	a lot easier = much easier	a lot / much / even + 比较级（very 不能修饰比较级）
12	Lily 经常独自练习说英语	Lily often practices speaking English by herself.	红笔 herself；practise doing；by oneself＝独自
13	发错音	get the pronunciation wrong	get … wrong（"搞错"）；pronunciation 无 i（≠pronounce）
14	你觉得学语法难吗？	Do you find it difficult to study grammar?	find it + adj + to do（it 形式宾语）
15	需要规则来造句	need the rules to make sentences	need + 名词 + to do（不定式表目的）
16	慢慢地过渡到更难的文本	slowly move on to more difficult texts	move on to（to 是介词，后接名词；接动词则 doing）
17	不必做某事	don't have to do = needn't do	两者同义换算；后接动词原形

二、高频词精讲

单词	词性	中文	常考搭配	最佳例句
⭐ master	n.	大师；能手	a language master；v. 精通 master a skill	Zhao was a language master.
⭐ dialect	n.	方言	Chinese dialects（复数）	He could speak many Chinese dialects.
⭐ local	adj./n.	当地的；当地人	the locals（the + adj → 一类人）＝local people	It's helpful to talk with the locals when you travel.
⭐ environment	n.	环境	the language environment；红笔补拼	He put himself in the language environment.
⭐ pronunciation	n.	发音	get the pronunciation wrong（无 i）	Don't be afraid of getting the pronunciation wrong.
⭐ focus	v.	集中（注意力）	focus on doing = concentrate on doing	Focus on learning sentences, not just words.
⭐ useful	adj.	有用的	useful ways to do sth；It's useful to do	I found some useful ways to learn English.
master / sentence / rule	n.	大师 / 句子 / 规则	write down useful sentences；the rules to make sentences	We need the rules to make sentences.

三、考点深挖 ① · 三大句型（It 形式主语 / find it 形式宾语 / believed that 从句）

3.1 It 形式主语全家桶（本课两句都在用）

句型	结构	本课例句
一般评价	It's + adj + to do sth	It's hard to learn a new language.
与人相关	It's + adj + for sb + to do	It's hard for me to learn a new language.
品质评价	It's + adj + of sb + to do（kind/clever/brave…）	It's kind of you to help me.
回扣旧课	9/28 笔记	It's better to learn how to do things than to depend on others.

⚠️ 区别：for sb 的 adj 说"事"（hard/easy/important）；of sb 的 adj 说"人"（kind/nice/clever）。

3.2 find it + adj + to do（it 形式宾语——第 14 条核心考点）

Do you find it difficult to study grammar? —— it 代替真正的宾语 to study grammar，adj 作宾补。
同类动词：find / think / feel / make it + adj + to do
- I think it useful to keep a diary in English.
- She feels it hard to get up early.
与形式主语对照（一条等式双向转）：
- Do you find it difficult to study grammar? ＝ Is it difficult to study grammar?（It 主语 → it 宾语，句子换脸不换义）

3.3 believed that 宾语从句（第 8 条，中考"复合句"加分句式）

Zhao believed that it was better to focus on learning sentences than single words.
三处考点：① 主句过去时 → 从句跟着过去（believed → was）；② that 引导词（陈述语序）；③ 从句里又套 it was better to do 形式主语。
升级写法（现在时版）：Zhao believes that it is better to focus on learning sentences than single words.
同义句转换：Zhao believed that… ＝ In Zhao's opinion, it was better to…

3.4 其余句型快卡

句型	本课例句	考点提示
by + V-ing（方式）	by putting himself in the language environment	by 后必接 V-ing（回扣 9/15 learn by doing）
put oneself in…	put himself in the language environment	反身代词与主语一致
carry … with sb	carry a pen and paper with him	paper 不可数
practises doing	practises speaking English	practise/ practice 后接 V-ing（回扣 9/18）
by oneself	by herself＝alone / without help	by + 反身代词＝"独自"
a lot / much + 比较级	a lot easier = much easier	❌ very easier
need … to do	need the rules to make sentences	不定式表目的
move on to	move on to more difficult texts	to 介词；接动词时 move on to doing
don't have to = needn't	don't have to do = needn't do	后都接动词原形；❌ needn't to do

四、考点深挖 ② · 易混辨析 + 词块归类

4.1 易混辨析

易混	一句话讲解	正面例句
very vs much/a lot（+比较级）	very 只修饰原级；much / a lot / even 才能修饰比较级	English is very useful, and it's much easier if you do it the right way.
pronounce vs pronunciation	动词有 i（pro-noun-ci-ate → pronounce）；名词无 i（pronunciation）	Please pronounce the word again. / I often get the pronunciation wrong.
talk with vs talk about	with 后接"人"（和谁谈）；about 后接"内容"（谈什么）	talk with the locals about Chinese dialects
don't have to vs mustn't	don't have to＝"不必"（可以不做）；mustn't＝"禁止"（千万别做）	You don't have to worry. / You mustn't give up.
the locals vs local people	the + adj 指一类人（= local people）；adj 单独不能加 s	the locals ＝ local people（❌ locals people）
ways to do vs ways of doing	都可以，中考更常考 ways to do	find useful ways to learn languages

4.2 语言学习词块网（按"听-说-读-写-环境"归堆——作文直接取用）

环节	词块
环境篇	put oneself in the language environment ｜ talk with the locals ｜ by putting oneself in…
说篇	practise speaking English by oneself ｜ get the pronunciation wrong（别怕发错音）
背篇	focus on learning sentences than single words ｜ write down useful sentences
读篇	slowly move on to more difficult texts
工具篇	carry a pen and paper with him ｜ need the rules to make sentences
评价篇	a language master ｜ Chinese dialects ｜ a lot easier = much easier

4.3 必背搭配（会随人称变化的加粗）

搭配	中文	考点提示
find / think / feel it + adj to do	觉得做某事……	it 形式宾语
It's + adj to do	做某事是……的	it 形式主语
focus on doing	专注于做某事	on + V-ing
practise doing	练习做某事	后接 V-ing
by oneself = alone	独自；单独	by + 反身代词
move on to …	过渡到……	to 介词
don't have to do = needn't do	不必做某事	接动词原形
a lot / much + 比较级	……得多	修饰比较级

五、教材联动（本课考点在已学课文里早就露过脸）

已学句子	出处（旧笔记/素材）	本课考点
It's better to learn how to do things than to depend on others.	U3 · 9-28 Welcome 笔记	It 形式主语 + better…than（今天句 8/9 同款）
He taught himself by reading, because he was curious about everything.	U3 · 9-29 Reading 笔记 / 素材	by + doing + 反身代词（今天 by putting himself…）
I learn English by watching English films.	U2 · 9-15 笔记 / 素材库	by + V-ing（今天句 5）
She often practises speaking English.	U2 · 9-18 笔记	practise doing（今天句 12）
the more, the better / 比较级家族	U2 9-16 / U3 10-12 Grammar	a lot easier 用 much/a lot 修饰比较级（今天句 11）

六、必背句 8 句（分层：基础 5 + 冲 A 3）

基础（笔记原句，默写级）

It's hard to learn a new language, but do it the right way.（学习一门新语言很难，但要用正确的方法去做。）
Zhao believed that it was better to focus on learning sentences than single words.（赵相信专注学习句子比单独学单词效果更好。）
He learned languages by putting himself in the language environment.（他通过把自己置身于语言环境中来学习语言。）
Lily often practises speaking English by herself.（Lily 经常独自练习说英语。）
Do you find it difficult to study grammar?（你觉得学语法难吗？）

冲 A（按本课考点自组的中考式升级句）

It's hard to learn a new language, but it becomes much easier if you talk with the locals and put yourself in the language environment.（学新语言很难，但如果你和当地人交谈、置身语言环境中，就会容易得多。）—— It 形式主语 + much + 比较级 + if 条件句
I find it useful to write down useful sentences and slowly move on to more difficult texts.（我发觉写下有用的句子、慢慢过渡到更难的文本很有用。）—— find it + adj + to do + move on to
Don't be afraid of getting the pronunciation wrong — you don't have to be perfect, just keep practising and never give up.（别怕发错音——你不必完美，只要坚持练习、永不放弃。）—— don't have to + keep doing + 祈使句鼓劲

七、中考考法速查（3 类题型）

题型	考什么	解题抓手
单项选择	it 形式主语/形式宾语、much/a lot + 比较级、needn't = don't have to	It's adj to do；find/think it adj to do；比较级前用 much 不用 very；needn't 后动词原形
用所给单词适当形式填空	practise/pronounce 的 V-ing 与名词拼写（pronunciation）；focus on doing	pronunciation 无 i；focus on / practise / by 后接 V-ing
汉译英 / 话题作文	"学习方法"建议句群：It's…to do / find it…to do / by doing / move on to	直接取 §4.2 词块网——环境、听说读写各配 1 句，就是一篇建议型作文

八、抗遗忘复习锚点（Integration · D0 = 10/19）

节点	日期	复习重点
D0	10/19	当日新学：§一 17 条全表 + §二高频词精讲
D1	10/20	§3.1 It 形式主语全家桶 + §3.2 find it 形式宾语
D2	10/21	§3.3 believed that 宾语从句 + §3.4 句型快卡
D4	10/23	§4.1 易混辨析 + §4.2 语言学习词块网
D7	10/26	§六必背句 8 句默写 + §七中考考法
D15 / D30	11/3 / 11/18	长线回滚：§一 17 条 + 冲 A 3 句

💡 本课是综合技能课：复习以句型转换 + 词块听写为主（It 形式主语 ↔ find it 形式宾语互转；believed that 从句仿写），词块按 §4.2 五个环节归堆记。