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U3 笔记整理 · 10-12(Grammar:副词比较级/最高级 + 反身代词)

来源:10/12 课堂笔记(U3 Grammar 板块,笔记编号 1-15 + ⑨①-⑭,含 2 张图片)
锚定日 D0 = 10/12:D1 = 10/13、D2 = 10/14、D4 = 10/16、D7 = 10/19、D15 = 10/27、D30 = 11/11
本课定位:全册第一次系统讲"副词的比较级/最高级 + 反身代词",江苏中考每年必考——单选考修饰语、句型转换考同义句、短文填空考反身代词。这节课吃透,U6(句子结构)、U7(as…as)都建立在它上面。
对照:与预测 预习预测笔记/预测_02_U3_Grammar.md 完全命中,预测仅作对照,以本篇真实笔记为准。


一、笔记原文逐条对照(26 条)

笔记#中文英文原文红笔标注 / 考点
1页page—
2在三个人中,Millie 读得最快Millie reads the fastest among the three (students).补 students;= Millie reads faster than the other two students
3well / good 的比较级、最高级well / good — better — best不规则 ①
4badly / bad / ill 的比较级、最高级badly / bad / ill — worse — worst不规则 ②
5far 的比较级、最高级far — farther/further — farthest/furthest不规则 ③(各两种,含义有分工,见 §3.3)
6她学得比我班上其他学生(都)快She learns faster than any other student in my class.= the other students
7他思考比我任何其他同学都积极He thinks more actively than any of my other classmates.= all my other classmates;= He thinks the most actively in my class.
8反身代词表myself — ourselves · yourself — yourselves · himself / herself / itself — themselves单数 -self,复数 -selves
9①玩得开心enjoy oneself= have a good time / have fun
9②自学某事teach oneself sth = learn sth by oneself双考点:反身代词 + by oneself
9③为自己、亲自for oneself—
9④自言自语say / talk to oneself—
9⑤沉迷于lose oneself in …后接名词/doing
9⑥随便吃、随便用……help oneself to …待客场景高频
9⑦伤到自己hurt oneself—
9⑧别客气,像在自己家一样自在make oneself at home= help yourself
9⑨照顾自己look after oneself= take care of oneself
9⑩自己穿衣dress oneselfdress sb / get dressed
9⑪向……自我介绍introduce oneself to …—
9⑫表达自己express oneself—
9⑬把某事埋在心里keep sth to oneself"不告诉别人"
9⑭(不)正常、(不)舒适be (not) oneself—
10这本书本身有趣The book itself is interesting.itself 红笔:作同位语强调"本身"
10孩子们自己打扫教室The children themselves cleaned the classroom.themselves 红笔:同位语位置
11录制、记录 v. & n.record搭配 keep a record of…
12为她自己做一些简单的菜肴cook some simple dishes for herself—
13画关于我自己和我父母的画draw pictures of myself and my parents介词后也要用反身代词
14为他们自己泡杯茶make themselves a cup of tea双宾语 make sb sth
15为我们制定目标set goals for ourselves写作高频(新学期目标类话题直接可用)

二、高频词精讲

单词词性中文常考搭配最佳例句
pagen.页turn to page 12 翻到第 12 页;a five-page report(有连字符用单数)Please turn to page 25 and read the text.(请翻到 25 页读课文。)
recordn. & v.记录 / 录制(重音:名词 ˈrecord,动词 reˈcord)keep a record of… 对……做记录;break / set a record 破 / 创纪录She keeps a record of every new word in her notebook.(她把每个生词都记在笔记本上。)
itselfpron.它自己作同位语:名词 + itselfThe book itself is interesting, not just the pictures.(这本书本身就有趣,不只是插图。)
themselvespron.他/她们自己复数只有 -selves 一种写法The children themselves cleaned the classroom.(孩子们自己打扫了教室。)

三、考点深挖 ① · 副词比较级 / 最高级

3.1 构成三条路(本课所有词都能归进这三条)

路线规则例子
A. 词尾直加单音节、部分双音节副词:+ er / estfast — faster — fastest · hard — harder — hardest · late — later — latest
A+. 辅音字母 + y变 y 为 i 再加 er / estearly — earlier — earliest(注意:early 不走 more 路线!)
B. more / most多数 -ly 结尾的副词:前面加 more / mostactively — more actively — most actively · quickly — more quickly — most quickly · carefully — more carefully — most carefully
C. 不规则(必背 5 组)整词变化well / good — better — best · badly / bad / ill — worse — worst · far — farther/further — farthest/furthest · much — more — most · little — less — least

判断口诀:长得像副词的(-ly 结尾)用 more/most;不长的(fast/hard/early)自己变。本课笔记三组不规则就是给 -ly 路线当"反例"考的。

3.2 far 的两组比较级分工(中考单选高频)

词用法例句
farther / farthest只指实际距离更远My home is farther from school than yours.(我家比你家离学校更远。)
further / furthest距离可用,更常考程度"进一步"I want to go abroad for further study.(我想出国深造。)

考法:单选里看到 further study / further information(进一步的学习/信息)选 further,不选 farther。

3.3 六大句型(本课笔记句全部对号入座)

#句型结构本课例句
1最高级 + 范围A + v. + the + 最高级 + among the + 数字 / in + 集体 / of + 复数Millie reads the fastest among the three students.(笔记#2)
2比较级 + thanA + v. + 比较级 + than + 对比对象He thinks more actively than his classmates.(笔记#7)
3比其他任何一个都…(= 最高级含义)比较级 + than any other + 单数(同范围)= than the other + 复数She learns faster than any other student in my class.(笔记#6)
4any of my other + 复数比较级 + than any of + one's + other + 复数He thinks more actively than any of my other classmates.(笔记#7 红笔)
5越…越…The + 比较级…, the + 比较级…The harder you work, the better you will learn.
6越来越…比较级 and 比较级She reads faster and faster. / more and more carefully

3.4 比较级前的"修饰语"(单选提分点)

比较级前面可以加 much / far / a lot / a bit / a little / even / still(加强:much/far/a lot/even;减弱:a bit/a little),但不能加 very / more:

  • He did even worse than Daniel last term.(他上学期考得甚至比丹尼尔还差。)
  • Now she reads much faster than before.(现在她读得比以前快多了。)

3.5 同义句转换(本课最核心考法,一组句子四种说法)

笔记#2、#6、#7 三条其实说的是同一件事——中考句型转换年年考:

说法句子
① 最高级Millie reads the fastest among the three students.
② 比较级 + the other + 复数= Millie reads faster than the other two students.
③ 比较级 + any other + 单数= Millie reads faster than any other student in the group.
④ 冲 A:否定 + as…as= No one else reads as fast as Millie.

He thinks the most actively in my class. = He thinks more actively than any of my other classmates. = No one else in my class thinks as actively as he does.

使用规则:同范围(同班/同组内比)用 any other + 单数;不同范围(跨班比)用 any + 单数(不加 other)。笔记#7 红笔 "any of my other classmates" 是第三种写法,三种都要会认。

3.6 易错点(只记正确写法)

  1. as…as 中间永远用原级:as fast as(as…as 之间不出现比较级);否定式 not so/as fast as。
  2. 比较级别自己加 more:fast → faster(说"more faster"就错了);-ly 副词才用 more:more quickly。
  3. hard ≠ hardly:hard 作副词 = 努力地(work hard);hardly = 几乎不,是另一个词。考试句:She works hard, so she learns fast.
  4. 副词最高级前的 the 要写:reads the fastest(考试按教材写全,别省)。
  5. 比较对象要对等:than any other student(单数)或 than the other students(复数),一种单数一种复数,混着用就错。
  6. early 不走 more 路线:early — earlier — earliest(y 变 i)。

四、考点深挖 ② · 反身代词

4.1 构成口诀(一张表背全 8 个)

人称单数(-self)复数(-selves)
第一人称myselfourselves
第二人称yourselfyourselves
第三人称himself / herself / itselfthemselves

口诀:一二三人称单数排下来是 my—your—him—her—it + self;复数 our—your—their + selves。
两个拼写雷区:himself(him + self,不是 hisself);themselves(them + selves,不是 themself)。

4.2 三大用法 + 一条红线

用法说明例句
① 作宾语主语和宾语是同一个人时,宾语用反身代词She taught herself English.(她自学英语。) / They made themselves a cup of tea.(笔记#14)
② 作同位语(强调"亲自/本身")放在名词后或句末,两种位置都对The book itself is interesting. / The children themselves cleaned the classroom. = The children cleaned the classroom themselves.(笔记#10)
③ 作表语be (not) oneself:(不)正常、(不)自在I'm not myself today.(我今天不太舒服/不在状态。)
⚠️ 红线反身代词不能单独作主语想强调主语,说 The children themselves…(同位语),不说 Themselves cleaned…

4.3 15 个必背搭配(笔记 14 条 + 1 个同义转换)

搭配中文考点提示
enjoy oneself玩得开心= have a good time / have fun(同义转换考)
teach oneself sth自学某事= learn sth by oneself(本课双考点,两半都要会)
by oneself独自、单独= alone = on one's own(三者同义转换,单选高频)
for oneself为自己;亲自You can see it for yourself.(你自己去看。)
say / talk to oneself自言自语—
lose oneself in…沉迷于He loses himself in books.(他沉迷于书。)
help oneself to…随便吃、随便用待客句:Help yourself to some cake.
hurt oneself伤到自己Be careful with the knife, or you'll cut yourself.
make oneself at home别客气,像在自己家一样= Make yourself at home(对客人说用 yourself)
look after oneself照顾自己= take care of oneself
dress oneself自己穿衣—
introduce oneself to…向……自我介绍Please introduce yourself to the class.
express oneself表达自己—
keep sth to oneself把某事埋在心里(不告诉别人)She keeps her worries to herself.
be (not) oneself(不)正常、(不)自在—

搭配的"人称会变"是最大考点:主语是 I → myself;we → ourselves;you(一个)→ yourself;you(多个)→ yourselves;he → himself;she → herself;they → themselves。先看主语,再定反身代词——短文填空每年就考这个。

4.4 易混辨析:themselves vs each other

词含义判断法例句
themselves动作回到主语自己身上自己对自己They taught themselves English.(他们自学英语。)
each other动作在双方之间互相发生你对我、我对你They learn from each other.(他们互相学习。)

一句话判断:动作的承受者是不是"自己"?是 → 反身代词;是"彼此" → each other。


五、教材联动(本课语法在已学课文里早就露过脸)

已学句子出处本课考点
It's better to learn how to do things than to depend on others.9/28 Welcomewell 的比较级 better + 比较状语从句 than
Franklin taught himself by reading.9/29 Readingteach oneself + by oneself 双考点
I learn English by watching English films.作文素材库by oneself 系列的 by + doing 方式

为什么 Grammar 课要回头连旧课文:本课不是从零学新东西,而是把前两周"零散见过"的 better / taught himself / by oneself 系统化成规则。复习本课时把这 3 句再读 1 遍,新旧就焊在一起了。


六、必背句 8 句(分层:基础 5 + 冲 A 3)

基础(笔记原句,默写级)

  1. Millie reads the fastest among the three students.(在三个人中,米莉读得最快。)
  2. She learns faster than any other student in my class.(她学得比班上其他任何学生都快。)
  3. He thinks more actively than any of my other classmates.(他思考比我任何其他同学都积极。)
  4. The children themselves cleaned the classroom.(孩子们自己打扫了教室。)
  5. We should set goals for ourselves.(我们应该为自己制定目标。)

冲 A(中考式升级句,作文直接用)

  1. The more carefully you listen in class, the better you will learn.(课上听得越认真,学得就越好。)—— The + 比较级句型
  2. No one else in my class works as hard as Millie.(班里没有人像米莉一样努力。)—— 同义句转换产物
  3. Daniel did even worse last term, but now he does much better than before.(丹尼尔上学期考得甚至更差,但现在比以前好多了。)—— even / much 修饰比较级

七、中考考法速查(3 类题型)

题型考什么解题抓手
单项选择① 修饰语 + 比较级(even / much / a little…)② as…as 用原级 ③ 反身代词按主语选词看见 than → 比较级;看见 as…as → 原级;看见空格在动词后且主语宾语一致 → 反身代词(先找主语人称)
句型转换 / 同义句the fastest among = faster than the other two = faster than any other student = No one else…as fast as三条等式 + by oneself = alone = on one's own
短文填空 / 汉译英反身代词"先看主语再定词";enjoy oneself / help oneself to / keep sth to oneself 考中文提示主语是 we/they 时千万别顺手写 myself/himself

八、抗遗忘复习锚点(U3 Grammar · D0 = 10/12)

节点日期复习重点(从本篇直接取)
D010/12(周一)首听 8 条 + 全表认读(§一 26 条)
D110/13(周二)§3.1 构成三条路 + 不规则 5 组;同日 Welcome D15 全批回滚
D210/14(周三)§3.3 六大句型 + §3.5 同义句转换四说法;同日 Reading D15 全批回滚
D410/16(周五)§4.1 反身代词表 + §4.3 搭配 15 条(人称会变);§3.2 farther/further 分工
D710/19(下周一)§3.4 修饰语 + §4.4 each other 辨析 + 必背句 1-5 默写
D1510/27长线回滚:必背句 6-8(冲 A)+ 中考考法三题型自测
D3011/11长线回滚:全篇快速过 + 错题本

💡 本课是纯语法课,复习方式与词汇课不同:优先句型转换(口头)和反身代词填空(笔头),别逐条抄表。