U3 · Grammar 预习笔记(背默版 · 20 条)
教材:译林版(2024) 8A U3《To be a good learner》· Grammar(P40–41)
本课定位:U3 语法课,两大块——副词三级(比较级 / 最高级) + 反身代词。中考单选、适当形式填空、汉译英都绕不开这两块,"三级递进"句型更是 A 档作文的加分句。
预测确定性:✅ 教材已确认 | 条数:20 条
⏱ 20 分钟:保底 8 条 5′ → 句子精读 3′ → 进阶 6 条 4′ → 冲 A 6 条 3′ → 必背句 + 快测 5′;做不动就停在保底组。
一、核心词组 · 保底 8 条(中文 → 英文)
这 8 条是完整的"三级递进"示范——从原级一路比到最高级,背下来就是一套完整句型。
| 笔记# | 中文 | 英文 | 红笔标注 / 考点 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 总结出规律 | work out the rule | Grammar 板块原指令;work out = 弄懂、算出 |
| 2 | 桑迪一小时读 30 页,读得快。 | Sandy reads 30 pages in one hour. She reads fast. | 副词原级修饰动词,放动词之后 |
| 3 | 艾米一小时读 35 页,比桑迪读得快。 | Amy reads 35 pages in one hour. She reads faster than Sandy. | 比较级 + than(两者比较) |
| 4 | 米莉一小时读 40 页,三人中读得最快。 | Millie reads 40 pages in one hour. She reads (the) fastest among the three. | 最高级 + among/of + 范围;副词最高级前 the 可省 |
| 5 | 米莉读得比其他两位同学快。 | Millie reads faster than the other two students. | 比较级 + the other + 复数=最高级含义 |
| 6 | 苏西学得快;比班里任何人都快;所有人中学得最快。 | Suzy learns fast. She learns faster than any other student in my class. She learns (the) fastest of us all. | 三级递进;any other + 单数 |
| 7 | 丹尼尔思考活跃,比我其他同学都活跃。 | Daniel thinks actively. He thinks more actively than any of my other classmates. | 多音节副词:more + 副词 |
| 8 | 戴维工作努力,在班里最努力。 | David works hard. He works (the) hardest in my class. | 单音节 + er/est;hard 形副同形 |
二、归类记忆 · 两条线
2.1 副词三级三条路
| 路线 | 变化规则 | 例词 |
|---|---|---|
| A. 单音节 / 少数双音节 | 直接 + er / est | fast → faster → fastest | hard → harder → hardest |
| B. 多音节副词(多为 -ly 结尾) | more / most + 副词 | actively → more actively → most actively | carefully → more carefully |
| C. 不规则变化(必背) | 单独记 | well → better → best | badly → worse → worst | far → farther / further → farthest / furthest |
2.2 反身代词三用法
| 用法 | 说明 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 作宾语 | 动作落在自己身上 | enjoy oneself(玩得开心)| teach oneself sth(自学)| hurt oneself(伤到自己) |
| 作同位语 | 强调"亲自、本人" | I painted the room myself. |
| 与主语人称一致 | 主语 they → themselves | The children enjoyed themselves very much. |
📖 三、句子精读(教材书例句 · 抓从句)
句子才是学英语的核心:先读出主干(谁 + 做什么),再找从句在修饰谁。每句读 3 遍。
| # | 教材书例句 | 中文 | 从句 / 考点拆解 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Suzy learns fast. She learns faster than any other student in my class. | 苏西学得快。她比我班上任何其他同学学得都快。 | 比较状语从句:than 引导;比较时要排除自己 → any other + 单数 |
| 2 | The more you practise, the better you will speak. | 你练得越多,说得就越好。 | 比较状语从句(特殊结构):The + 比较级…, the + 比较级…(前句条件,后句结果) |
| 3 | My friend Suzy is interested in art, and she enjoys teaching herself paper-cutting. | 我朋友苏西对美术感兴趣,她喜欢自学剪纸。 | 并列句:and 连接两分句;enjoy doing;teach oneself sth;be interested in + doing |
四、进阶 6 条
这 6 条重点看「红笔标注」,知道考什么比背下来更重要。
| 笔记# | 中文 | 英文 | 红笔标注 / 考点 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9 | 好、坏、远 的比较级与最高级 | well → better → best | badly → worse → worst | far → farther/further → farthest/furthest | 不规则变化(必背) |
| 10 | 他比我跑得稍快一点。 | He runs a little faster than me. | a little / much / far / even 可修饰比较级 |
| 11 | 你比我更了解你自己。 | You know more about yourself than I (do). | than 前后动词相同,用助动词代替且可省略 |
| 12 | 你练得越多,说得就越好。 | The more you practise, the better you will speak. | the + 比较级, the + 比较级 |
| 13 | 风刮得越来越大。 | The wind is blowing harder and harder. | 比较级 + and + 比较级=越来越…… |
| 14 | 学习时我怎样才能学得开心? | How can I enjoy myself when learning? | enjoy oneself;when + doing 省略式 |
五、冲 A 6 条
学有余力再攻。17–20 条是反身代词四大固定搭配,中考单选必考。
| 笔记# | 中文 | 英文 | 红笔标注 / 考点 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15 | 我朋友苏西喜欢艺术,喜欢自学剪纸。 | My friend Suzy is interested in art, and she enjoys teaching herself paper-cutting. | teach oneself sth;be interested in + doing |
| 16 | 让我们为自己定目标,迈出第一步。 | So let's set goals for ourselves and take the first step. | for + 反身代词 |
| 17 | 我自己粉刷了房间。 | I painted the room myself. | 反身代词作同位语,表强调 |
| 18 | 小心,否则你会伤到自己。 | Be careful, or you will hurt yourself. | 祈使句 + or;hurt oneself |
| 19 | 孩子们,随便吃点鱼。 | Help yourselves to some fish, boys and girls. | help oneself to + 食物 |
| 20 | 孩子们元宵节玩得非常开心。 | The children enjoyed themselves very much at the Lantern Festival. | 反身代词与主语人称、数一致 |
六、句型全家桶(本课句型对号入座)
| 句型 | 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 两者比较 | A + 动词 + 比较级 + than + B | She reads faster than Sandy. |
| 比较级表最高级 | 比较级 + than any other + 单数 | She learns faster than any other student. |
| 越……越…… | The + 比较级…, the + 比较级… | The more you practise, the better you will speak. |
| 越来越…… | 比较级 + and + 比较级 | The wind is blowing harder and harder. |
| 范围最高级 | 最高级 + among / of + 范围 | She reads (the) fastest among the three. |
| 自学某事 | teach oneself sth | She enjoys teaching herself paper-cutting. |
七、易错提醒(只记正确写法)
- 副词最高级前的 the 常常可以省略:reads (the) fastest
- 比较时要排除自己:用 any other + 单数(不说 any other students)
- hard 形副同形(努力地/努力的);hardly 是"几乎不",不是"努力地"
- more 不能和 -er 连用:不说 more faster
- 反身代词必须与主语人称、数一致:I→myself,we→ourselves,they→themselves,you(你们)→yourselves
- help oneself to + 食物=随便吃……(to 是介词)
八、同义句转换(中考句型转换的"等式")
She learns faster than any other student in my class.=She learns (the) fastest in my class.Millie reads faster than the other two students.=Millie reads (the) fastest among the three.I painted the room myself.=I painted the room on my own.The more you practise, the better you will speak.=If you practise more, you will speak better.
📌 本课必背 3 句
- Millie reads the fastest among the three.(三人中米莉读得最快。)
- You know more about yourself than I do.(你比我更了解你自己。)
- So let's set goals for ourselves and take the first step.(让我们为自己定目标,迈出第一步。)
🎤 学完就能用的一句话
I read faster than I did last month.(我比上个月读得快了。)
🎯 快测 5 题(汉译英 · 答案就在上面)
把下面的中文翻成英文;不会的翻回去找,找到后读 2 遍(对 3 题就合格):
- 总结出规律 2. 米莉一小时读 40 页,三人中读得最快。 3. 丹尼尔思考活跃,比我其他同学都活跃。 4. 你比我更了解你自己。 5. 学习时我怎样才能学得开心?
答案:第 1、4、7、11、14 条
🔜 下一次预习:U3 · Integration
📖 预习用:真实上课后老师笔记若有微调,语法点(副词比较级/最高级 + 反身代词)确认无误,可放心提前学。